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My Tute ยท Level 7 ICT

Classroom Notes: Unit 3.1 Accessing Websites

Subject: Information Communication Technology
Grade Level: 7
Topic: Unit 3.1 Accessing Websites
Day and Date: 25 June 2026
1. What is a webpage?
A webpage is a digital document that contains text, images, audio and videos. Webpages are built using HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
2. What is a website?
A website is a collection of webpages that are linked to each other (like Wikipedia or YouTube).
3. What is a web browser?
A web browser is the app or software we use to open and view websites.
Examples: Google Chrome, Apple Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.
4. How do we access a website?
To visit a website, we open a web browser. Type the website's unique address (called a URL) into the address bar. Browser then sends a request across the internet to fetch the pages and display them for us.
5. What is an URL and list its components?
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is a name for a website's specific internet address.
For example URL like https://www.nihoc.in/aboutus:
  • Protocol (https://): The rules used to send the data.
  • Domain Name (nihoc.in): The name of the website's home.
  • Path (/aboutus): The exact location of the specific page or file you want to see.
6. What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that computers use to talk to each other safely and correctly. In a URL, you usually see HTTP or HTTPS. This tells the browser exactly how to package and move the data across the web.
7. What is a domain name?
A domain name is the human-friendly text address you type into a browser to visit a website (like google.com or bbc.com). It acts like the street address for a physical house, making it easy for us to remember where to go.
8. What is the role of the path in the URL?
The path comes after the domain name and works exactly like folders on your computer. It tells the browser exactly which specific page you want to open.
Example: In amazon.com/books, the path is /books, which takes you straight to the book section instead of the main homepage.
9. What is an IP address?
Computers do not understand words like "google.com". They use numbers. An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique string of numbers assigned to every single device connected to the internet. It looks something like 192.168.1.1 or 172.217.7.14.
10. What is the relationship between a URL and an IP address?
Every URL has a matching IP address.
  • The URL is for humans (easy to read and remember).
  • The IP address is for computers (easy to process).
  • The Analogy: A URL is like a friend's name in your phone's contact list (e.g., "Alex"), and the IP address is their actual phone number (e.g., 9876543210).
11. What is a Domain Name Server (DNS)?
A DNS (Domain Name System) is often called the "phonebook of the internet." It is a massive, digital registry that keeps track of which domain name belongs to which IP address.
12. How does a DNS work?
When you type a domain name into your browser the below steps take place in sequence:
  1. You request a site: You type wikipedia.org.
  2. The browser asks the DNS: "Hey DNS, what is the IP number for wikipedia.org?"
  3. The DNS looks it up: The DNS checks its massive "phonebook/register" matrix.
  4. The DNS replies: It sends back the exact number (e.g., 198.35.26.96).
  5. The browser loads the site: Your browser uses that number to find the exact computer holding the website and displays it on your screen.